what is the default valule for "encoding" in ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection

Hi guys,

I am using mysql. Recently I changed the character set from Latin1 to UTF-8. I met an issue when I inserted a new record. It showed up some illegal characters. Per my test, I thought it converted the value from UTF-8 to Latin1 and then saved in table.

If I add “:encoding => "utf8"” to establiash_connection method, the problem will be solved. Is there any default value for :encoding in establish_connection?

  ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(     :adapter => "mysql",     :host => "localhost",     :username => "edwin",     :password => "123456",     :database => "products"   )

Thanks in advance

question closed. I didn't figure out a way to get the default value for encoding. But when I set the :encoding to "latin1", I will get the same result.