I guess the use of self.included paves the way for more complex things
to be done when the module included. It also allows the module to be
included into a single AR model or a class of AR models, rather than
into all of AR itself.
If you definitely want to apply the module to all of AR an even shorter
alternative is:
# lib/some_module.rb
class ActiveRecord
def self.acts_as_something
# code
end
end