This thread helped inform the work I’ve been doing on creating an in-browser ES6/ESM future for Rails with Hotwire. I agree that Webpack is a necessary evil for certain types of development (Vue, React, etc), but I also agree that apps that don’t want or need that shouldn’t have to wrestle with something this complex. The progress that’s happened in browser support for ES6/ESM over the last several years is finally giving us a new path. Will continue to explore what that means for Rails 7+.