Got "UncaughtThrowError: uncaught throw :abort" for throw(:abort) in callbacks

I’m migrating from Rails 4.1 to Rails 5.1 and got the following deprecation warning:

DEPRECATION WARNING: Returning false in Active Record and Active Model callbacks will not implicitly halt a callback chain in Rails 5.1. To explicitly halt the callback chain, please use throw :abort instead.

I added throw(:abort) in the callbacks but when I run tests, I got a lot of errors like the following:

Error:
UserControllerTest#test_: the update action should have updated user record. :
UncaughtThrowError: uncaught throw :abort
    app/controllers/application_controller.rb:298:in `throw'
    app/controllers/application_controller.rb:298:in `check_access'

How to fix it?

Thanks Romu